RESUMEN
The research carried out on socioeconomic implication models of (re)emerging infectious diseases triggering pandemics has shown us that these largely depended on infection transmission, conditioned by the type of pathogen and the human host. Also, these depended on certain external factors, such as the phenomenon of globalization, pollution, fragile health systems, modification of human behaviors, expansion of human habitat near the outbreaks, favorable vectors involved in the transmission and development of new pandemics and last but not least of wars or civil revolts. The present research attempts to provide some responses to the following questions: 1. What have been the most recent and important emerging infectious disease pandemics and what were the risk factors? 2. What was the socioeconomic impact generated by these pandemics and what important lessons did we learn/identify? 3. What measures and/or directions must be implemented/addressed to prevent/possibly stop a future wave of infections or a new pandemic? The answers to these questions are substantiated by different indicators (transmission potential and pathogen severity) through which we focused to offer some suggestions/directions regarding the way in which these pandemics could be anticipated or prevent, indicators that otherwise are already used by public authorities in the development and exploration of intervention strategies. However, through the elaboration and staged presentation of how these pandemics acted as well as the socioeconomic implications and human reactions, this research could be useful in leading to the development of new, effective ways to prevent the transmission of (re)emerging infectious diseases.
RESUMEN
Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease which occurs in multiple locations. The pulmonary localisation is preferential and responsible for an important symptomatology, being the second localisation after the hepatic one, which in most cases evolves asymptomatically. We present the case of a 24-year-old patient, who is a non-smoker and has had exposure to respiratory allergens (cat hair and dog hair), and who was admitted to the Pneumology Hospital with the complaints of cough with mucopurulent sputum and minimal haemoptysis and mild fever (37.1°C). It was reported that 3-5 weeks before hospitalisation, the patient had presented with an episode of vomiting, in moderate amounts with a typical appearance, but in the current context of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, he had delayed his presentation to the hospital. On clinical evaluation, the patient presented with diminished right basal vesicular murmur with overlying crackling rales. Following the investigations, the postero-Anterior pulmonary radiography describes, at the level of the right lung, a hydro-Aerial image with an uncertain appearance of unspecified aetiology. In this context, a native chest tomography (CT) was performed, which revealed a cystic formation at the level of the middle lobe, with thin walls and a prolific membrane detached inside, which are suggestive aspects for a hydatid cyst. Subsequently, a surgical consultation was performed, which concluded the superinfection of the cyst by a secondary lung abscess and the need for lobectomy. The peculiarity of the case consists in the appearance of persistent symptomatology and complications in a young patient without comorbidities and risk factors, and the fact that an accurate diagnosis was delayed because of the patient's delayed presentation in the hospital in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 Claudia Elena Tonca et al., published by Sciendo.